🛠️ How to Fix “Permission Denied” Errors When Running Scripts on Kali Linux (2025 Step-by-Step)

Getting a “Permission Denied” error while trying to run scripts or commands on Kali Linux? This is a common and frustrating problem, especially for beginners. This guide will walk you through exactly why this happens and how to fix it with clear, practical steps.

⚠️ Why Does Permission Denied Happen?

• The script or file does not have execute permissions.
• You’re trying to access files or commands without the required user privileges.
• SELinux or AppArmor policies blocking access (less common on Kali).
• Running commands on a mounted filesystem with restrictive permissions.

✅ Step 1: Check File Permissions

Use the ls -l command to check permissions:

ls -l yourscript.sh

Example output:

-rw-r--r-- 1 user user 1234 May 22 14:00 yourscript.sh

If there’s no “x” (execute) permission, you can’t run it as a program.

🔧 Step 2: Add Execute Permission

Grant execute permission with:

chmod +x yourscript.sh

Now try running the script:

./yourscript.sh

🔧 Step 3: Run With Sudo for Elevated Privileges

If the script requires root access, prefix with sudo:

sudo ./yourscript.sh

Ensure your user is in the sudoers group.

⚡ Step 4: Check Directory Permissions

Sometimes the directory permissions restrict script execution. Check the folder permissions:

ls -ld /path/to/directory

Adjust with chmod or chown if necessary.

🧠 Step 5: Fix Permission Issues on Mounted Drives

For USB drives or other external media, mount with proper options:

sudo mount -o rw,exec /dev/sdb1 /mnt/usb

This allows execution of files from the mounted drive.

💡 Bonus: Avoid “Permission Denied” on Scripts Called From Cron

• Use absolute paths in scripts and cron jobs.
• Ensure scripts have execute permissions.
• Run cron jobs as the correct user.

💬 Troubleshooting Common Cases

“Permission Denied” When Editing Files

Run editor with sudo:

sudo nano /path/to/file

“Permission Denied” When Running Python or Bash Scripts

Check if file is executable and run with ./scriptname or sudo ./scriptname.

📌 Final Thoughts

“Permission Denied” errors are mostly about understanding Linux permissions and using commands like chmod and sudo. Follow these steps, and you’ll resolve the issue quickly on Kali Linux.

Need help with specific permission issues? Post your error and system info on Tsupports.blogspot.com — we’re here to help.